Q&A for How to Turn Off GPS on the iPhone

It depends on what version of iOS you are running. iPhones running iOS 8.2 or earlier will turn the GPS off when Airplane Mode is enabled. iPhones running iOS 8.3 or newer will keep GPS on when Airplane Mode is enabled.

When you turn your phone back on, location services should automatically be activated. This varies depending on your IOS version.

You can use Find my iPhone even if location services are turned off, but not to locate it on a map. If location services are off, you can use Find my iPhone only to audibly ping your device (even if mute is enabled), lock it or erase.

Double click the home button and scroll left or right through your open apps. When you get to an app you want to turn off, swipe up.

Your iPhone records a variety of different types of information to help improve your experience. While there is no way to say for sure exactly what data is stored and what isn't, rest assured that Apple won't share your data with other companies or governments without your consent.

Yes, but with reduced accuracy. With GPS on, they should be able to locate your phone within a few tens of meters. Without GPS, they will attempt to locate you by triangulating your phone's radio signal using the cellular repeaters, but that may only locate your phone within 500 meters to 1 kilometer, requiring emergency responders to search an area 500-700 times greater.